Mitigating Climate Change Effects of Urban Transportation Using a Type-2 Neutrosophic MEREC-MARCOS Model

Abstract

Climate change is the foremost environmental problem that negatively affects the lives of people. Sustainable policies offer an opportunity to mitigate climate change effects of urban transportation. Four sustainable policies are presented to alter the propagation speed of climate change. However, there is a major gap regarding the prioritization of the sustainable policies in advantage order, which is an important problem for all municipalities. Therefore, this study introduces a two-stage model that hybridizes the method based on the removal effects of criteria (MEREC) and measurement of alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution (MARCOS) method into a unique framework under the type-2 neutrosophic number (T2NN) environment. In the first stage, the T2NN-MEREC determines the objective importance of the criteria. In the second stage, the T2NN-MARCOS method ranks the sustainable policies. Our practical findings indicate that land-use planning is the best sustainable policy for mitigating climate change effects of urban transportation. By applying this solution, municipalities may generate an extra budget from low emission zones and limited traffic zones in the short-term run. The introduced T2NN-MEREC-MARCOS model could be used as decision support for authorities while mitigating climate change effects of not only urban transportation but also other human activities.