Wood-free resin pencil as low-cost electrode for pH measurements

Abstract

We report on possible use of wood-free resin pencil (WPE) as low-cost pH electrode based on WPE coated by antimony or bismuth film as the main pH sensitive material. Sensors prepared allowed to measure pH in the range of 3-10 and 10-13. The pH electrodes proposed can take advantage in strong alkaline and corrosive systems where the use of traditional glass electrode is limited. Also, they can serve as the low-cost indicator electrodes in acid-base titrations.