03/2008 Theatrum historiae
Permanentní URI k tomuto záznamuhttps://hdl.handle.net/10195/38101
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Článek Status neznámý peer-reviewedpublished Matkami opuštěných? Působení Kongregace Školských sester de Notre Dame v sirotčincích(Univerzita Pardubice, 2008) Jakšičová, DanaThe School sisters de Notre Dame focused on upbringing and education of not only the girl´s youth. They were the most widespread school congregation that worked in the Czech lands of 19 and 20 centuries. Their primary aim was to establish and run girl´s general schools (Trivialschule) and later burgess schools too. These were usually connected with boarding establishment. The author summarizes the results of her probe that should analyse the orphanages that were run by the School sisters de Notre Dame on the territory of the České Budějovice diocese. The first orphanage that was administred by the congregation was the town orphanage in Tábor in 1880. In 1920 they already controlled 44 orphanages in Bohemia. In the České Budějovice diocese they worked in 14 orphanages. There lived children between 6 and 13 (exceptionally 14) years and there were between 10 and 30 children per one establishment. The author analyses everyday life in these orphanages (daily activities, board, financial subvention, etc.) and she deals also with the topic of education of „troubled“ children and the rigorous style of upbringing that was practiced by the School sisters de Notre Dame.Článek Status neznámý peer-reviewedpublished Řeholní kongregace v Čechách na přelomu 19. a 20. století v kontextu proměn náboženského milieu(Univerzita Pardubice, 2008) Novotný, MiroslavOpening part of this article presents the transformation and character of religious milieu in Central and Western Europe in 19th and at the beginning of 20th century (especially the processes of de-ethatization of religion, secularization and de-christianization, respectively the so-called second confesionalization). With regard to the focus of this work, the main attention is paid to the processes running inside the Catholic Church. It deals more precisely also with the similar development in the western part of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. It views complex situation in Czech lands in a wider context of transformations and creation of the modern European industrial society in the second half of the 19th century, which also strongly mirrored in the activity of individual Churches and led, among others, to the “religious renaissance” and to the search for new or renewed forms of religious activities, as well as spiritual life and also to the formation of new regular communities (men and especially women congregations) together with lay confraternities (Marian communities, in the first place). Second part of the work demonstrates the processes on the model example of the mostly agrarian and traditionally conservative South Bohemia. Beginning of the new times is in the Budweiser diocese, the traditional catholic bulwark in Bohemia, connected first of all with the episcopacy of Jan Valerian Jirsik. It is also thanks to his commitment and work that the status of Catholicism in the whole region significantly improved and that in the second half of the 19th and first half of 20th century, the South Bohemian diocese became the place of foundation or activity of quite a number of regular and lay religious communities.