03/2008 Theatrum historiae
Permanentní URI k tomuto záznamuhttps://hdl.handle.net/10195/38101
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Článek Otevřený přístup peer-reviewedpublished Poznámky ke vnímání řeholního života mezi barokem a osvícenstvím(Univerzita Pardubice, 2008) Mikulec, JiříThe article deals with the development of attitudes to monasteries, regulars and nuns that can be observed in the minds of the members of baroque society (1650-1750) and of the leaders of intellectual elite in the times of Enlightenment at the end of the 18th century. At the beginning, the author attempts to analyse certain negative „enlightened“ attitudes to regular life in the Habsburg monarchy. He uses several promotional and publicist works showing that damnatory relation to monasteries occured together with the dissolution of monasteries in 1780. The author explains that the attitude of the Enlightenment to regular life was caused by the change of religious life merits. The rationalization of devoutness effected the new view on monasteries – the „enlightened“ people thought that only practical social activities of some monasteries were acceptable. For example, they appreciated the care of the ill, charity activities, education and upbringing of youth, and scientific activities. On the other hand, baroque society highly appreciated religious activities of monasteries, promotion of baroque spirituality among the seculars, and also the regular life as such. The author concludes that, in the Czech lands of the baroque times, we can also find some people who perceived monasteries and their inhabitants in a rather negative way. These opinions created a mental fundament to help in re-interpretation by the „enlightened“ critics of regular life.Článek Otevřený přístup peer-reviewedpublished „Horlivost jejich v kázání slova Božího…“ Církevní řády a rekatolizace(Univerzita Pardubice, 2008) Čornejová, IvanaThe process of counter-reformation in the Czech lands after the Bílá hora battle (1620) was made more difficult not only for the resistance of non-catholics, but also for the lack of priests in the ecclesiastic administration. It was caused by the religious situation in the times of the Hussite revolution and then during the process of reformation in 16th century. That is the reason why the counter-reformation was as long as to the end of the 17th century mainly organised by the members of different religious orders. The so called old orders – Benedictins, Premonstratensians, Cistercians, etc. were renovated; and there also existed a strong influence of the new orders. Amongst the most successful we can find Jesuits and Piarists – both orders profiled as educational orders. Education of the youth in catholic doctrine is believed to be one of the key instruments that helped the counterreformation to succeed. It was also very important that the members of religious orders worked in many parishes as vicars. Comparing the particular regions of the Czech lands, the process of counter-reformation and the influence of religious orders differed; the position of non-catholics was stronger in Silesia only.