2018/43 Scientific papers, Series D
Permanentní URI k tomuto záznamuhttps://hdl.handle.net/10195/71483
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Článek Otevřený přístup peer-reviewedpublished Impact of institutional enviroment on the existence of fast-growing business in time of economic disturbances(Univerzita Pardubice, 2018) Valenteová, Katarína; Čukanová, Miroslava; Steinhauser, Dušan; Sidor, JánAs a result of the economic crisis is the restoration of economic growth and job creation one of the main aim of economic policy. Economic growth and employment can be achieved throw the creations of conditions for increasing business competitiveness. We assume that there is a positive relationship between economic freedom, innovation, and the share of high-growing enterprises in the total number of enterprises. In this paper, we used a pair linear regression analysis between variables in which our assumptions are verified.Článek Otevřený přístup peer-reviewedpublished Impact of gender segregation of business university graduates on their position on the labour market(Univerzita Pardubice, 2018) Šnýdrová, Markéta; Vnoučková, Lucie; Šnýdrová, IvanaThis article deals with the issue of the influence of the gender segregation of graduates on finding employment on the example of the University of Economics and Management. The aim of this article is to evaluate the influence of the higher education on the role of gender within selected factors influencing employment of graduates on the labour market on the example of the University of Economics and Management. The areas of the influence of employability of graduates have been analysed using the characteristics of a position level, persistence in a studied branch, perception of a financial reward as adequate and holding a position, for which the higher education is required. The theoretical frame of the article is made of a literary search based on an analysis of scientific articles and publications dealing with the influence of gender on employment of graduates and factors influencing it. The primary research was conducted as a questionnaire survey among graduates of the University of Economics and Management from the previous 5 years. We received back 206 questionnaires from the total of 805 graduates. The results show that, although the number of higher educated women is increasing, their position on the labour market is still different compared to men. The higher education does not lead to the elimination of the gender differences on the labour market and within the working environment. These differences show in a type of employment, working positions and also wages.Článek Otevřený přístup peer-reviewedpublished Remuneration of employee inventions at Czech universities(Univerzita Pardubice, 2018) Svačina, Pavel; Rýdlová, Barbora; Boháček, MartinUniversities have recently been facing pressure to increase the share of commercialized R&D results, as well as to manage their intellectual property rights responsibly, including the remuneration of employee-inventors. The paper brings the first overall evidence of monetary incentives and rewarding schemes for employee inventors at Czech universities. The analysis is based on the data of 15 Czech public universities, which account for 98.7% of the patenting activity of all Czech universities. We perform a content analysis of their internal guidelines, explore and discuss how they interpret and apply key categories of broad legal framework defined by the Czech patent law. We found that each university complies formally with the law and has some remuneration system for employee inventors. Most of the schemes are combined, paying employees a certain initial reward and share in income from future technology commercialization. Although there is some common ground, we found many creative approaches across the sample in particular remuneration elements.Článek Otevřený přístup peer-reviewedpublished Short-term and long-term relationships between gold prices and oil prices(Univerzita Pardubice, 2018) Stoklasová, RadmilaThis article focuses on the econometric analysis of the prices of oil and gold. The aim is to determine the degree and nature of the investigated commodity dependence in terms of short-term and long-term relationships. The work contains basic characteristics, determinants of price development and theoretical description of statistical tools used to analyze dependencies of investigated time series. In the practical part of the article there is given its own analysis and final interpretation of the development of studied commodities. There are used methods of correlation and regression analysis, Granger causality, Augmented Dickey-Fuller test of stationarity, Johansen test. With respect to Engle-Granger test the two variables have a long run equilibrium relationship. Moreover, the Granger causality test reveals that in longterm, the change in prices of gold influences the change in prices of oil, while the chance in prices of oil does not influence the future change in prices of gold. For time series analysis (monthly average commodity prices, April 1983 – December 2016) there was used computer program GRETL.Článek Otevřený přístup peer-reviewedpublished Status of global economic powers (BRICS, EU28, JAPAN, USA): The case for competitiveness and factors influencing progress or decline(Univerzita Pardubice, 2018) Staníčková, Michaela; Fojtíková, LenkaMany of the competitiveness challenges we see today stem from the aftermath of the financial crisis. Today, productivity and growth are not picking up in advanced economies, and the consequences of low and even negative productivity growth in many emerging economies are now evident. Productivity of major world economies can be seen as the source of national performance and subsequent international competitiveness. The paper deals with an application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method to multi-criteria performance evaluation of countries considered as global economic powers. The aim of the paper is to analyse development of and measure level of productive potential achieved by BRICS countries, the European Union (EU) and its members, Japan and the United States of America (USA) with the help of specialised DEA approach – the Output- Oriented Malmquist Productivity Index in reference period 2007-2016. Using of DEA is convenient due to set of different factors determining productivity, such as Global Competitiveness Index (GCI). Results confirm the constantly strong position of the post-war triad (in order of the EU, USA, and Japan) compared to rapidly developing BRICS countries. It is also evident the growing tendency and corresponding comparison of BRICS performance with traditional economic powers, i.e. triad.Článek Otevřený přístup peer-reviewedpublished Optimization of the automotive service centre network for new entrans into Czech and Slovak markets(Univerzita Pardubice, 2018) Pekárek, Jan; Schüller, DavidThe automotive sector is the main driver of industry in both the Slovak and Czech economies. In recent years, rapid and substantive changes have been seen in the development of automotive distribution channels in the Slovak and Czech Republics and this trend can be expected in the future as well. The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach to determine the optimal location of service centres for customers of the automotive industry. The method proposed maximizes a weighted customer utility in terms of density of car-owning residents and the travel distance they need to overcome to reach the nearest station. The application of the proposed method allows automotive companies which are planning to enter new markets to create an optimal distribution network of service centres for customers in the Slovak and Czech Republics. The optimization model approximates the correct number of service centres according to evidence from other countries in the European Union and calculates their optimal spatial placing based on various criteria.Článek Otevřený přístup peer-reviewedpublished Selected efficiency factors of agricultural SME in the Czech republic(Univerzita Pardubice, 2018) Moravec, Lukáš; Kukalová, Gabriela; Svobodová, JitkaThis paper identifies the influence of selected groups of factors on the efficiency of the agricultural sector represented by the Czech Small and Medium Entrepreneurs (SME). The database Amadeus was used as the primary data source. The group of data gained from the database Amadeus covers the period of years between 2005 and 2014. The group of analyzed subjects consists of more than 2000 SME agricultural companies located in the Czech Republic. The econometric models were used for identification of relationships between groups of potentially relevant factors and the efficiency. The analyzed efficiency level is represented in the econometric models by the variables EBIT and EBITDA.Článek Otevřený přístup peer-reviewedpublished What determines the fiscal consolidation process: the analysis within european member countries(Univerzita Pardubice, 2018) Mihóková, Lucia; Sláviková, Lucia; Kmeťová, OľgaThe fiscal consolidation process is determined by many factors of economic, monetary, political or fiscal environment. The paper is focused on analysis and assessment of selected determinants on the attributes of fiscal consolidation process within European Union member countries. The purpose of this paper is to study relations between macroeconomic, fiscal, political and other determinants using methods of quantitative economy. Analysis is focused on the duration, length and intensity of fiscal consolidation episodes and the quantification of their impact polarity. The paper identifies statistically significant determinants that can affect the success of a fiscal consolidation. The research results of performed panel regression analysis within time period 1995-2016 within EU member countries pointed out that macroeconomic and fiscal conditions are significant for the whole consolidation process and to all its attributes. The paper was developed within the project VEGA 1/0967/15.Článek Otevřený přístup peer-reviewedpublished FDI and regional income disparity in the Czech republic(Univerzita Pardubice, 2018) Zdražil, Pavel; Mallick, JagannathThe aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of FDI along with domestic physical investment and human capital on the regional income, and their role in the regional income convergence within the Czech economy over the periods from 1998-99 to 2013-14. The paper considers 14 regions of the Czech Republic and uses panel fixed effect regression and dynamic panel growth framework for the empirical analysis. The result finds that the role of physical capital formation and FDI along with the human capital are crucial for the regional disparity in income in the Czech Republic. There is also evidence of the convergence of per capita income at the speed of 7.8 per cent among the regions by conditioning physical investment and human capital along with FDI. This paper suggests that regional disparity in income can be reduced by the equitable allocation of investment and FDI, and equal development of human capital.Článek Otevřený přístup peer-reviewed The credibility of fiscal policy and cost of public debt(Univerzita Pardubice, 2018) Kuncoro, HaryoThis paper investigates the potential relationship between the credibility of fiscal policy and the cost of public debt. We analyze how a key component of fiscal governance, the ability of governments to commit the planned budget, affects the government borrowing cost. To test the hypothesis, we take the case in Indonesia over the period 2001-2013. Based on the quarterly data analysis, we found that the noncredible deficit rule tends to induce the interest rate. In contrast, the credible debt rule policy significantly reduces the borrowing cost for about 28 basis points. More interestingly, to reduce the interest cost burden of government debt, strengthening commitment to the fiscal rules is as effective as decreasing the size of debt. Those findings suggest that the credibility of fiscal policy matters to restore the fiscal burden in order to maintain fiscal sustainability in the long-run. Accordingly, improving the credibility of fiscal policy should be an integral part of the public sector reformation program in the country.
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