2014/31 Scientific papers, Series D
Permanentní URI k tomuto záznamuhttps://hdl.handle.net/10195/58631
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Článek Otevřený přístup peer-reviewedpublished Comparison of regional competitiveness index after EU enlargement in 2013(Univerzita Pardubice, 2014) Vahalík, Bohdan; Staníčková, MichaelaThe paper deals with the concept and evaluation of competitiveness in terms of the European Union (EU). The paper deals with an evaluation of EU competitiveness at regional level by multi-criteria approach called the EU Regional Competitiveness Index (RCI). The main purpose of this composite indicator is evaluation of EU NUTS 2 region competitiveness. The aim of this paper is to introduce the theoretical and methodological basis of the RCI and its usage on the example of evaluating the competitiveness of NUTS 2 regions in the group of Visegrad Group (V4) countries. The theoretical part of the paper defines concept of the RCI and methodological background of its creation. The empirical part of the paper deals with evaluation of the Visegrad group NUTS 2 region competitiveness before and after the EU 2013 enlargement, resp. comparison of RCI results in year 2010 and 2013 and evaluation of RCI changes in the case of V4 countries in reference years.Článek Otevřený přístup peer-reviewedpublished Financial behaviour in the V4 countries using the Global Findex Database(Univerzita Pardubice, 2014) Thiessen, AlžbetaA person’s financial literacy as well as their values, attitudes and beliefs all impact their financial behaviour, thus influencing their financial well-being. Our aim is to evaluate the situation in the V4 nations with respect to the financial behaviour of adults who own credit cards and have savings. We compare results from the different V4 countries using the Global Findex Database of 2011 from the World Bank. The relationship between the individual variables is examined using the binary response model Logit. Our results reveal that owning a credit card and having saved money within the past 12 months have significant relationships to the owning of an account at a financial institution, having borrowed money from any number of various lenders, as well as the demographic characteristics such as age, within-economy income quintile, education level and country of residence. People who borrowed money from a financial institution, or another private lender, are more likely to own a credit card and less likely to have saved money within the past 12 months. This work defines financial literacy and education from several authors’ viewpoint. It describes the Global Findex Database and the binary response model, finishing with the results and their review.Článek Otevřený přístup peer-reviewedpublished Foreign exchange rates in consolidated financial statements under IFRS(Univerzita Pardubice, 2014) Tereščenko, DmytroCompanies which carry out foreign operations can perform transactions in foreign currency. In addition, companies can provide financial statements data in a foreign currency. IAS 21 - The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates establishes a procedure for performing transactions in foreign currencies and foreign operations for financial reporting, as well as translation of financial statements into the presentation currency. The task of the standard is to disclose information about the exchange rate usage and to reflecting the impact of changes in exchange rates in its financial statements. For reporting under IFRS such currency should be selected, which is actively used and has significant influence on it. This paper summarizes just some aspects of the influence of the exchange rates change effects on the consolidated financial statements according to IFRS.Článek Otevřený přístup peer-reviewedpublished Consumer management can be overcome!(Univerzita Pardubice, 2014) Šatera, Karel; Dytrt, ZdenekResponsible management strives to think creatively, respecting the principles of responsibility and ethics, the objective of which is to establish long-term stability within the business environment. A manager's scope of activities mainly includes decision making related to changes (stimulating innovations) in order to react to dynamic development in the field of science, technology, and the needs and interests of the company. It is extremely important to stimulate employee motivation. Thus it is very logical to speak about leadership as the management process, and its innovations depend on people and their ethical allegiance to the management of the particular system. Opinions vary on the content of leadership. Leadership is most often associated with human resource management. That distorts and simplifies its content, such as innovation management theory and practice. For this reason, the text indicates some significant differences between the still applied management and leadership. Simplifying this concept or misunderstanding its meaning contributes to reducing the effectiveness of innovation and thus to a further deepening of consumer way of thinking of the society. In this text certain differences between management and leadership are indicated.Článek Otevřený přístup peer-reviewedpublished Limits of usage of cost-benefit analysis by evaluation of public projects(Univerzita Pardubice, 2014) Sobotková, LucieThe article deals with the issue of evaluation of public projects which is based on the method of Cost-benefit analysis. The future social benefits and costs of public projects (financed especially from funds of the European Union) are evaluated by means of this method. We can practically meet the approach of set of social benefits and costs which arise from the assessment of present relevant economies. These economies are consequently predicted on the whole time of life cycle of the project. At the same time we simplify when we assign the present benefits to the particular years of lifetime of the project (we only respect the discount rate). This article proposes to involve the approach of system dynamics in the prediction. The system dynamics searches the reality as the system when the particular items of system are mutual influenced. The feed backs are raised when the result of the activity influences the original cause by return. The integration of the system dynamics into the evaluation of social benefits and costs could improve the prediction. Because the efficiency allocation of public resources is the aim of evaluation of public projects, the usage of system dynamics could support the process of allocation.Článek Otevřený přístup peer-reviewedpublished Recent trends in the regime of transfer tax in the Czech Republic and selected EU member states(Univerzita Pardubice, 2014) Růžičková, Eva Daniela; MacGregor Pelikánová, RadkaThe taxation of the transfer of immovable assets is a typical feature of tax systems of the majority of EU member states. However, each of them uses its rather large power to select its own approach and to project it into the national (intrastate) law. The massive re-codification of the Czech Private law offered an opportunity to re-evaluate and to change the setting of the famous Czech tax triad, included for over two decades in the Act No. 537/1992 Coll., on the inheritance, gift and real estate transfer tax. Taking effect as of 1st January 2014, this Act was cancelled and its agenda was split, specifically the provisions about the tax on the transfer of real estate were incorporated in the brand new statute, namely the legal measure of the Senate No. 340/2013 Coll., on the real estate acquisition tax. These dramatic changes in the Czech transfer tax scenery need to be described and critically analyzed while using an assessed domestic questionnaire search and providing comparative comments regarding other EU member states.Článek Otevřený přístup peer-reviewedpublished Is earnings management affected by international financial reporting standards?(Univerzita Pardubice, 2014) Miková, TerezaInternational Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are considered to be instrumental for meeting requirements of comparability, relevance and transparency when examining companies’ results globally. The idea of IFRS is rational and reasonable, though opponents, who disagree that IFRS might provide some benefit, exist. The information asymmetry between managers and stakeholders (especially investors) could potentially be decreased by using one set of accounting standards to ensure that all necessary information is available for decision making. However, managers might affect the reporting performance for their benefits. This paper examines the relationship between a single set of accounting standards—in this case IFRS—and earnings management. When looking at this relationship, the following question presents itself: can IFRS improve manager behaviour and decrease activities of earnings management? While some research (e.g. [10], [31], [23]) related to this topic has been conducted, results have not been conclusive. Some of the research has appeared to confirm the importance of IFRS, while other studies have demonstrated that mandatory IFRS adoption increases earnings management. IFRS may indeed influence earnings management, but not as an isolated issue. This relationship presents a fertile field for future research.Článek Otevřený přístup peer-reviewedpublished The assessment of risk management system’s economic efficiency in retail banking(Univerzita Pardubice, 2014) Cvilikas, Aurelijus; Paužuolis, VaidasThe banking risk management is always a relevant topic in financial sector’s academic literature, but the detailed analysis of current studies showed that there is a lack of studies in risk management’s economic efficiency assessment in retail banking, where the risk management system’s administration cost may be a significant part of total credit institution’s cost. The scientific problem of this article is: how the economic efficiency of retail banking risk management system could be defined and assessed? To reach the aim, the risk management’s economic efficiency concept in retail banking is discussed and the risk management system development relevance in the context of economic efficiency is analyzed. The results of research allows concluding that the change of risk management system’s economic efficiency might be expressed as net benefit of risk management, which shows the difference between the change of risk cost and the change of risk management system’s administration cost. The research presented in the article allows stating that the gross and net benefit of the change of risk management system could be used as universal rates of the economic efficiency of the banking risk management that include all factors associated with banking risk management system.