Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy investigations focused on food allergens

Abstract

In this article, we survey recent literature related to the development of impedimetric sensors and methods for allergen proteins in food. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is an electrochemical method that allows label-free monitoring of analyte-ligand interactions and was largely used for characterising various steps in the development of (bio)sensors. Both faradaic impedance spectroscopy – using a redox probe added to the analytical system to be investigated – and non-faradaic impedance spectroscopy were used for the detection of food allergens. Several approaches leading to high sensitivity and application to the analysis of real samples are particularly emphasized. The challenges in using EIS for the determination of allergens are discussed.