Carbon paste electrodes and screenprinted sensors plated with mercury and bismuth films in stripping voltammetry of heavy metals

Abstract

In this article, carbon paste electrodes and screen-printed sensors plated with mercury and bismuth films are presented in association with their applicability to the determination of Pb, Cd, and Zn in aqueous solutions using anodic stripping voltammetry. Both mercury and bismuth films were generated "in situ" either via modifying the carbon paste with the respctive solid oxide (10% m/m) or by plating the surface of screen-printed sensor in the sample solution spiked with Hg2+ or Bi3+ ions. Analytical performance of the individual types of film elctrodes is examined and discussed based on the results and observations obtained by analysing tap and natural water samples.