Anodic stripping determination of lead and thallium at a bismuth film electrode after extraction of the respective bromide complexes into propylene carbonate

Abstract

In this contribution, anodic stripping voltammetric determination of lead(II) and thallium(III) in organic solvent; namely, propylene carbonate, is reported concerning a bismuth film electrode (BiFE) as the working electrode of choice. The corresponding measurements were performed directly in organic phase after gas-stirred liquid-liquid extraction from hydrochloric acid-based solution, confirming the enhancement in both sensitivity and selectivity of metal determination when employing the methods used some decades ago and combining extraction with polarographic principles. The metals of interest were determined either separately or simultaneously and for the detection of lead(II), the comparison between in-situ and ex-situ operated BIFEs had also been made and the respective differences discussed.