Delirium and its management in nursing interventions

Abstract

Introduction: Delirium is a transient, etiologically non-specific disorder and a life-threatening condition. It is classified as a reversible qualitative disorder of consciousness with a number of symptomatologically neuropsychiatric abnormalities. The aim of the research is to summarize nursing interventions leading to the prevention or treatment of delirium. Methods: world scientific databases (Proquest, Scopus, PubMed, etc.) were searched using the EBN method. The question of efficacy, which predicts nursing interventions in the context of treatment and prevention, was chosen to compile the literature search. Fifteen studies were selected that aimed to reduce the incidence and prevalence of delirium in ICU patients, using nursing interventions. Results: Multicomponent interventions targeting several risk factors simultaneously (lighting modification, noise reduction at the patient's bedside, sleep support, family visits and correction of vision and hearing deficits) have been shown to be the most effective. The intervention of transcutaneous electrical stimulation has also been shown to be effective (statistically significant difference p= 0.039 for patients undergoing this intervention). More than half of the duration of delirium is reduced by regular exercise and mobilisation. Occupational therapy intervention is also beneficial (statistically significant effect p=0.001) and can significantly reduce the incidence of delirium. Studies demonstrate the positive impact of these interventions not only in delirium, but also in pain management and overall recovery.