2012/24 Scientific papers, Series D

Permanentní URI k tomuto záznamuhttps://hdl.handle.net/10195/49508

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An institutional analysis of bank regulation
(Univerzita Pardubice, 2012) Gleta, Jakub; Teplý, Petr
This article focuses on the institutional content and impact of the new Basel Capital Accord, commonly known as Basel III. These rules were enacted in response to the recent developments in global financial markets and to introduce some substantial changes into established regulatory approaches. We use the method of “process tracing” of the neo-proceduralist school to assess whether Basel III is a victim of regulatory capture or not. We find that Basel III met a number of procedural requirements and is not a victim of regulatory capture. On the other hand, we point to the fact that there remain numerous open issues that could undermine the as yet unfinished outcome and cause Basel III to join its predecessors in their fate.
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The potential of enlargement of the European Union
(Univerzita Pardubice, 2012) Sobotka, Martin; Sobotková, Lucie; Řízek, Zdeněk
The article deals with the possibilities of expansion of the European Union, not only by the membership, but also by the other integration methods. In the basic documents of the European Union, which form the legal basis of the arrangement of the European Union is not the geographical jurisdiction strictly mentioned to the old continent. This enables further enlargement of the European Union outside the geographic territory of the European continent. In addition, the European Union has the possibility to use different degrees of integration, without the condition the potential states must be forced to be members of the European Union. Outside the European Union is mentioned the African continent and its selected regions, region of North African countries and the region of South African countries in this article. All countries (European and African) have been submitted by indicatory the Failed States Index, and with the help of indicators of World Bank Data Set has been processed in the time series, which are ten-years development in selected indicators.
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The cyclicality of government expenditure and wagner's law - case of Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria and Romania
(Univerzita Pardubice, 2012) Szarowská, Irena
The importance of government expenditure management has increased during the last years. This paper provides empirical evidence on the cyclicality and the relationship between government expenditure and output in five European Union members in a period 1995–2009. We use Johansen cointegration test and the error correction model and analyze annual data on government expenditure in compliance with the COFOG international standard. The results confirm that the government expenditure functions are procyclical in most countries (91% cases in the sample). Output and government expenditure are cointegrated at least for four from ten expenditure functions in every country (four in the Czech Republic and Hungary, five in Bulgaria, seven in Slovakia and eight in Romania) and it implies a long-term relationship between government expenditure and output. Average value of long-run elasticity coefficients is 1.72 for all expenditure functions, 1.16 for total government expenditure. Conclusions about the short-run relationship between expenditure and output are not unambiguous due to a relatively low statistical significance. However, the coefficient values (average is 3.14) confirm the voracity hypothesis, as they suggest that in response to a given shock to real GDP, government expenditure will rise by even more in percentage points.
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A new proceuure to deal with the macroeconomic imbalance in the European Union
(Univerzita Pardubice, 2012) Applová, Petra
The objective of the presented paper is, in the first place, to look into the solution of current serious macroeconomic problems of member states of the European Union by laying down a new enforcement mechanism described in the Alert Mechanism Report (AMR). In recent years distinctive and persistent macroeconomic imbalances have accumulated that are reflected in high and persistent external deficits and surpluses, in the persistent loss of competitiveness, in the dramatic increase in indebtedness and in the increase in real estate bubbles, which were one of the causes of the current financial crisis. Macroeconomic problems of the European Union’s economies are dealt with in the very AMR, which defines a new procedure for the prevention and reformation of macroeconomic dysfunctions. Based on compliance with ten selected indicators according to determined threshold values those economies are identified that are liable to undergoing various macroeconomic imbalances in years to come. In the end the paper uses selected statistic methods, namely cluster analysis, to look into the mentioned indicators of external imbalances and competitiveness and imbalances inside an economy in question. The article focuses on the analysis of the created clusters according to their similarity in the development of the mentioned macroeconomic indicators and on the assessment of the conclusions of the EU commission.
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Bank stress tests, financial stability and simulation of "feedback" effect
(Univerzita Pardubice, 2012) Garguláková, Monika; Belás, Jaroslav
Stress testing is one of the main key quantitative tools for assessment of financial stability. In this process, the assets of banks are exposed to the stress of adverse effects of defined shocks derived from historical and hypothetical scenarios. The aim of stress testing is to verify the hypothetical whether the banking sector is sufficiently resistant to the potential effects of adverse shocks and whether it would not be a threat to financial stability in case of their realization. This article aims to present the current system of stress testing in the Czech Republic and to define the possible impact of selected scenarios for stress testing on the business of banks and capital adequacy. Banks stress testing may result in pro-cyclical behaviour of the banking sector, which under certain conditions may exhibit the reverse negative impact effect on the economy. In the article we use the basic methodology for calculating capital requirements for stress testing, adjusted by own scenarios of adverse shocks. Results of our research point to existing pro-cyclical relationship between regulatory rules and trading activities in the banking sector. Tightening of banking regulation creates conditions for a gradual reduction of the economy performance.
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Selected problems associated with modeling the biggest compensations in non-life insurance
(Univerzita Pardubice, 2012) Poprawska, Ewa; Jędrzychowska, Anna
Modelling the highest compensations are very important for insurance companies, as more and more policies now can generate high claims (for example third party liability insurance, property, especially connected to catastrophic events). In modelling extreme values of compensations paid by insurance company it is possible to use different models (exponential, gamma, Pareto distribution are most common) for typical values and different ones for the highest compensations (for example Generalised Pareto distribution). In this case however a problem of choice of the point, in which the change of the way of modelling is taking place appears. The paper is devoted to methods useful in choosing this point, that can be found in literature. Using simple example of the data, these methods can be analysed to find their advantages and disadvantages. All of the presented methods are mainly based on the analysis of graphs of selected parameters, which makes the results obtained are not strict guidelines, however, provide indicative results.
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Creating a context as the base for entrepreneurial support policy
(Univerzita Pardubice, 2012) Mandysová, Ivana
This study advances knowledge in the field of entrepreneurship policy and lays out a path for policymakers to follow. It highlights some of the major challenges faced by governments in evaluating the impact of policies and measures geared towards producing higher levels of entrepreneurial activity and discuss the potentially conflicting perspectives of entrepreneurs, policymakers and service providers. In this study we present the findings of entrepreneurship support policy stated in author´s monograph including theoretical background of entrepreneurship support policy and its policy foundations and entrepreneurship policy framework. We discuss conceptual issues related to steps identifying entrepreneurship policy measures; the appropriate choice of entrepreneurship support policy options and several issues concerning the improvements of entrepreneurship policies and programs. We introduce the Context model for Entrepreneurial Support that may be useful to government in taking stock of its current policy orientation and to better enable the assessment of entrepreneurship policy across country. We conclude with a discussion of how to approach the development of an integrated entrepreneurship policy approach and the future implications of this for policymakers, researchers, and economic development agents.
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Information and communication technologies and their benefits for medium and large-sized enterprises
(Univerzita Pardubice, 2012) Tichý, Ondřej
The primary research, which is brought by this paper, focuses on medium and large-sized enterprises in sectors of information and communication technologies(ICT). It investigates their attitude to the ICT that they use. Based on these ICT, the article is looking for trends set by the companies. Then, these trends could be considered as an inspiration for companies from other sectors of business. The research results have shown that the specially developed software belongs between the most often implemented ICT tools in the last seven years by the questionnaire companies. The research also showed that this ICT tool of all, which they have implemented, is the most beneficial at a tactical level. Another part of analysis, where the companies should chose benefits that arose from the implementation, pointed out that they are focused on two basic clusters of benefits. The first contains: improved teamwork and increased efficiency and effectiveness. The other cluster contains: reduced costs, improved service quality and improved integration of business functions. The research also showed thatthe surveyed companies consider the ICT only as a tool, which simplifies work.
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Evaluation of transit lines plan
(Univerzita Pardubice, 2012) Cenek, Juraj
The plan of mass transport or transit lines is a vital part of an organisation of public transportation services. An optimisation of the plan can improve the service either by reducing the operational costs or by improving of service quality. Three subjects interact in the problem namely state or local administration, transport companies and citizens. The plan optimisation should find the best compromise to satisfy interests of all actors. A relevant criterion must be defined to find the best solution. Calculating passenger criterion values must include model of passenger’s decision.
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Financial health and the cost of capital of travel agencies before and after the crisis
(Univerzita Pardubice, 2012) Honková, Irena
This Article deals with the evaluation of the economic crisis in the area of travel agencies. The evaluation was based on the Altman Z-score of financial health and the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). Data presented in 2007-2010 financial reports compiled by selected companies were also employed. Using the signed-rank test the hypothesis the impact of the financial crisis on the financial health of selected companies was examined. The same test was applied to the weighted average cost of capital. Furthermore, dependencies between financial health and the weighted average cost of capital during individual years in concern were investigated. This dependency was tested by means of Spearman coefficient, determination index a correlation coefficient. According to the tests of statistical hypotheses the companies were not affected by a lower Altman Z-score during the crisis; i.e. Their performance was not worse than before the crisis. The impact of the crisis on the weighted average cost of capital was not proven either. Dependency between both indicators (the Altman Z-score and the weighted average cost of capital) was not established. The aim of this Article was to evaluate the impact of the financial crisis and to find possible dependency between stability (represented by the Altman Z-score) and the weighted average cost of capital. It was ascertained that the financial crisis did not have any significant influence on the financial performance of the selected companies. Dependency between the two indicators discussed above was not proven either.
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The application of maslow's hiearchy of needs to the entrepreneur's motivation - the example from region Pardubice
(Univerzita Pardubice, 2012) Čížek, Petr
The article is focused on the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and its application to the entrepreneur’s reality. Firstly the terms such as entrepreneur and entrepreneurship are explained and it is examined which character traits differ from the regular managers and employees. Furthermore the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs are explained. The main aim of the contribution is to show the different importance of needs for entrepreneurs. The research was made on the entrepreneurs whom operate in the Pardubice region and have 9 employees at maximum. The results show that the self-esteem is more important for the entrepreneurs than the recognition. Therefore one of the main conditions of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs doesn’t apply. It is also concluded that money related motivation factors are very strong among the entrepreneurs, however majority of the respondents refused to sacrifice their time with family to obtain higher financial income. Interestingly, the satisfaction with the decision to become an entrepreneur is not high.
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Human resource management under changes at foreign subsidiaries in Slovakia in light of regional comparison
(Univerzita Pardubice, 2012) Poór, József; Vološin, Martin; Engle, Allen; Machová, Renáta; Karoliny, Mártonné
A model of human resource management practices in the subsidiaries of multinational corporations in Slovakia was developed by the Central and Eastern European International Research Team (hereafter CEEIRT) – composed of researchers from universities from the Central and Eastern European Region. This model describes the changes of key HR variables in the light of different firm specific factors. Based on this model, an interview and on-line survey of top level HR executives at 22 subsidiaries of large multinational companies in Slovakia and at 267 foreign owned firms in other CEE countries was completed. The paper describes how these practices and roles have developed in response to the sweeping economic changes within the region and points out the expectations of practitioners for the future. Initially our article focuses on the analysis of previous relevant HR results and models. Next way we present an overview of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) development in new member states of the European Union, particularly in Slovakia. Besides the analysis of the FDI origin country the sectoral structure of FDI and employment practices in foreign firms on the Slovak territory is analyzed.
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Analysis of European Union cohesion
(Univerzita Pardubice, 2012) Koťátková Stránská, Pavla; Lelek, Tomáš
The European Union is formation of 27 states at the present. The similarity of the EU member states with the nature of the integration process contributes to successful action in the diminishing of differences and creating a sense of belonging among together. The aim of the article is to examine similarity of EU member states, which can show the integration process success. The European Union should be a whole that can build its growth on the joint development of welfare in reducing economic disparities. The article examines if EU is not only disorderly group of states whose consistency is maintained artificially by political decisions. Politics has seemed to be the most influential representatives of the States in two last years. This implies the idea associated with the fact that in order to progress in the integration process, the individual member states are gradually forced to give up sovereignty in execution of their own economic policy. In the case of disorderly economic development in member states it can happen that, they cannot use the tools of economic policy in such way that is needed to address their own economic situation.
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Cloud computing and information security
(Univerzita Pardubice, 2012) Čapek, Jan
The article takes into account cloud computing and information security. It is shown, that in spite of the advantage from costs point of view the data - placed within the cloud are still not safe, due to the fact that providers are not able to secure data from physical point of view. So the customers have not physical control of theirs data. Existing standard activities cloud for data security does not solve this problem yet.
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Decision-making on IPO implementation under conditions of uncertainty
(Univerzita Pardubice, 2012) Meluzín, Tomáš; Doubravský, Karel; Dohnal, Mirko
The theory of corporate financing considers the decision-making on the implementation of the IPO as one of the most important decision-making problems in the life-cycle of the undertaking. In addressing this decision-making task, however, are often not known all the necessary information – the likelihood of each condition. In a situation where we know only the fuzzy probabilities of certain states, it is appropriate to use quantitative methods, for example fuzzy linear programming. The aim of the contribution is to show on a case study use of the decision tree for deciding on the implementation of the IPO. Case study is divided into two parts. In the first part are known all the probabilities of each state, in the second part is known the likelihood of only some of the states, moreover, these probabilities are entered quite freely.
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Temporary employment as an alternative unemployement rate reducing new employment form analysis in Lithuania and Czech Republic
(Univerzita Pardubice, 2012) Svedaite, Erika; Tamosiunas, Teodoras
The paper study identify temporary employment as an alternative unemployment rate reducing new employment form in European Union, Lithuania and Czech Republic. After the scientific literature, European Labour Force Survey (EULFS), Eurostat, document and statistical department analysis, systematization and comparison there was presented temporary employment concept and how it reduce unemployment rate, legal this atypical work form regulation. A study disclosed temporary employment indicators and how it reduce unemployment rate in Lithuania, Czech Republic and European Union. Study provides results that show temporary employment importance in labor market that reduce unemployment rate.
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Improving the quality of processes by using knowledge continuity ensuring
(Univerzita Pardubice, 2012) Urbancová, Hana; Kříž, Josef
In the current knowledge economy the workers are the key competitive advantage and their knowledge is the most important asset in the various business processes. If people leave the organization they will take their knowledge with them and it can jeopardize the quality of the processes. This paper focuses on the topic of the ensuring the knowledge continuity as a tool for fluent improvement of processes in organizations. The processes and the areas were identified within the organization by means of induction. The processes are improved by using the knowledge continuity management. The benefits of the processes were measured by quantitative research, by using the questionnaire survey in organizations in the Czech Republic. One of the conclusions of the paper is that with correct knowledge continuity the quality of the processes in the organization can be increased together with the performance.
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The relation between air transport and selected aspects of the regional economy
(Univerzita Pardubice, 2012) Červinka, Michal; Tykva, Tomáš
In articles already published in 2010 – 11, the authors clearly defined and specified the relationship between the existence of the airport in a particular region and the regional economy. This delineation was based primarily on studies conducted by professional groups of companies operating in the aviation industry and the leading associations. This article aims to expend on previous research and presents the results of empirical research, which confirms originally formulated relations. With the aim of verifying the formulated hypotheses, diagnostic missions have been applied to the international airports in Brno, Bratislava and Karlovy Vary in order to obtain primary data. Subsequently, interviews with operational experts from the airport have been carried out. Furthermore, current evidence has been collected regarding the number of passengers who have checked in observed periods. The authors have also performed an analysis of the horizontal development of staff (internal and external3) and it is in relation to the number of checked in passengers at airports surveyed.
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Using cluster analysis for the study of generation Y behavior at the University of Pardubice
(Univerzita Pardubice, 2012) Jonášová, Hana; Michálek, Karel; Panuš, Jan
For Generation Y are social networks an essential element ofcommunication and entertainment. The authors of this article conducted research in the Faculty of Economics and Administration at the University of Pardubice on howstudents (generation Y) use social networks. For the evaluation of research were usedcluster analysis and decision trees.