27 (2021) Scientific papers, Series A
Permanentní URI k tomuto záznamuhttps://hdl.handle.net/10195/78444
Procházet
Článekpeer-reviewedpublished Otevřený přístup Biogenic amines in wine and cheese(University of Pardubice, 2021) Švecová, Blanka; Janovská, Miroslava; Adam, MartinBiogenic amines in ten samples of wine and five samples of cheese were determined using an HPLC-UV-MS method. Inevitable derivatization was performed with the reagent dansyl chloride, and the derivatives prepared were analysed under optimized chromatographic conditions in reversed phase mode. An octadecylsilicagel column (C18) was used for the separation of ten selected biogenic amines derivatives which were eluted using the mobile phase composed of 5 mM ammonium formate and acetonitrile at a flow-rate 0.6 mL min−1 and detected at the wavelength 254 nm. Basic validation of this method was carried out as well. Limits of detection and quantitation, external standard calibration, intra-day repeatability and inter-day reproducibility for spectrophotometric detection were determined. Five various red wines, four white wines and one rosé wine contained very small amounts of biogenic amines. The highest total content was approximately 2.5 mg L−1, which represents a relatively low content in comparison with some results published in literature. Similarly, the content of biogenic amines in cheeses analysed was lower than expected, even in case of fermented cheeses. The highest content was found in one of the typical Czech fermented cheeses called Romadur and being 3.9 mg in 100 g cheese.Článekpeer-reviewedpublished Otevřený přístup Colour, moisture adsorption, and antioxidant properties of oven-dried chokeberry powder obtained after ultrasound-assisted osmotic dehydration(University of Pardubice, 2021) Frühbauerová, Michaela; Červenka, Libor; Kosiorowska, Angelika; Królikowska, Karolina; Pająk, Paulina; Adam, MartinOsmotic dehydration (OD) of chokeberry samples in erythritol (ERT) and xylitol (XYL) solutions enhanced by ultrasonication (US) has been examined in terms of moisture adsorption, colour and antioxidant properties. After air-forced drying, the powder subjected to OD in ERT solution exhibited higher equilibrium moisture contents (EMC) in 0.20–0.45 aw than those in XYL solution. On the other hand, EMC values increased with the prolongation of US time from 5 to 30 min in the case of XYL solution. CIEL*a*b colour system was used for the determination of colour changes. While L* (the colour coordinate represents lightness (L* ~ 100) or darkness (L* ~ 0) of the sample) values decreased with the prolongation of US time from 5 to 30 min for both osmotic agents, only XYL solution caused the increase of a* (the colour coordinate represents green (−a*) or red (+a*) colour of the sample) and b* (the colour coordinate represents blue (−b*) or yellow (+b*) colour of the sample) to their maximum values at 30 min of sonication. A sample of powder subjected to OD in ERT solution has shown a higher total phenolic, total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity. We may conclude that OD of chokeberries coupled with 30 min of sonication has resulted in chokeberry powder with the highest content of bioactive substances.Článekpeer-reviewedpublished Otevřený přístup Effect of silver addition on thermal properties of (GeS2)50(Sb2S3)50 glass(University of Pardubice, 2021) Včeláková, Michaela; Košťál, Petr; Honcová, Pavla; Adam, MartinThermal properties of the (GeS2)50(Sb2S3)50 glass without and with the addition of 10 at. % of silver has been studied using calorimetry and thermal analysis. The viscosity data were obtained in a wide temperature range and described by the appropriate model. The glass transition region and the crystallization behaviour were studied in detail.Článekpeer-reviewedpublished Otevřený přístup Effects of crystal habit modifiers on characterization parameters of tetrazene(University of Pardubice, 2021) Ryšavý, Jan; Matyáš, Robert; Adam, MartinThis work has studied the effects of modifying agents on the behavior of industrially important primary explosive – tetrazene. Namely, of interest were the powder characteristics (particle size, bulk density and angle of repose) and sensitivities to external stimuli (friction, impact). The agents consisted of a wide group of materials when the following ten were selected: dextrin, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, gum arabic, sodium layrylsulfate, p-toluenesulfonic acid, polystyrenesulfonic acid, 1,6-diaminohexane, polyacrylamide, sunflower lecithin, and bone glue. No general correlation between the agent structure and the results were found, but some partial behavior patterns could be identified. The bulk density ranged from 0.2 g∙cm–3 at the low end for unmodified samples to 0.5 g∙cm–3 at the highest improvement. The angle of repose shifted from 60° for the unmodified form to 52° at best flowability (for the ball ammonium perchlorate as a reference value of 30°). The effect on the friction sensitivity is minuscule and all the samples had their F50 values within 3–7 N range. Three different groups separated for the impact-stimulus behavior – unaffected, sensitivity lowered to that of PETN or RDX, and erratic behavior. The particle size was generally in the 100 μm scale, but the crystal habit varied significantly.Článekpeer-reviewedpublished Otevřený přístup Effects of polystyrene microparticles, gadolinium salts and their mixtures to soil annelid studied in agar exposure medium(University of Pardubice, 2021) Hrdá, Kateřina; Konopáčová, Eliška; Knotek, Petr; Adam, MartinEnvironmental risk assessment requires to conduct standardized ecotoxicological bioassays that can, at least, partially imitate realistic exposure scenarios. However, the study of the ecotoxic effects of particulate materials is complicated mainly by the fact that particles have different physical-chemical properties resulting in different distribution in the test medium in comparison with soluble pollutants. Therefore, in this study, the agar-based experimental system has been used to examine the toxicity of plastic microparticles to the soil decomposer Enchytraeus crypticus. Furthermore, of interest was the effect of the presence of plastic particles on the toxicity of gadolinium salts whose harmfulness to soil organisms is less known. The agar-based exposure medium enabled the consistent dispersion and agglomeration state of particles during the experiments under stable conditions with the characterization of the particles directly in the exposure medium. Gadolinium was tested in the form of Gd(NO3)3 and two contrast agents - Dotarem® (Acidum gadotericum) and MultiHance® (Dimeglumi gadobenas). The polystyrene particles (65–497 μm) were prepared by cryogenic grinding of coffee cup lids. The estimated 96h LC50 for gadolinium was higher than 1 g kg−1 of agar, which suggests a relatively low acute toxicity to E. crypticus. The polystyrene particles exhibited no toxicity to E. crypticus even at very high concentrations (1–25 g kg−1 of agar) after 10 days of exposure. The survival rate, the content of malondialdehyde in the biomass, or biomass production E. crypticus were not affected after 10-day of exposure to three different concentrations of Gd in the presence of particles.Článekpeer-reviewedpublished Otevřený přístup Environmental innovation of packaging in Czech chemical companies(University of Pardubice, 2021) Paták, Michal; Branská, Lenka; Janata, Daniel; Adam, MartinChemical companies are currently under the increasing pressure to enhance the sustainability of packaging for the products intended primarily for final consumers. To identify the extent of the implementation of environmental innovations in packaging, motivators thereof and barriers associated therewith, quantitative research was carried out among 26 Czech chemical companies. It has been found that the most common environmental innovations of packaging focus on the introduction of packaging made from biodegradable or recycled materials. However, it is innovations that allow savings in packaging materials that are considered successful. The main motivating aspect for the introduction of environmental packaging innovations is the expected growth in value for the customer(s). The biggest barriers include the fear that customers will not accept raised prices of innovated products and the incompatibility of packaging with its content.Článekpeer-reviewedpublished Otevřený přístup Floating remote-controlled water sampling device(University of Pardubice, 2021) Brunclík, Tomáš; Adam, MartinA floating water sampling device suitable for taking samples for remote sensing algorithm development or operational monitoring of multiple water bodies has been developed. The device is based on remote-controlled boat and the attached Van-Dorn sampler. Such a setup belongs to the category of unmanned surface vehicles being convenient for taking near-surface water samples off-shore from a distant site. Its efficiency compared to traditional sampling with an inflatable boat has been proved by reducing the average time between the consecutive samplings to about a half.Článekpeer-reviewedpublished Otevřený přístup HILIC-MS analysis of common artificial sweeteners in food and beverages(University of Pardubice, 2021) Klikarová, Jitka; Štěpánová, Hana; Šimorová, Lenka; Česlová, Lenka; Fischer, Jan; Adam, MartinThe five most common artificial sweeteners were analysed in various samples of food and beverages and other products using hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The optimised method employed Hypersil Gold HILIC analytical column combined with a binary mobile phase of 50 mmol/L ammonium acetate in water (pH 5; A)/acetonitrile (B) operating at a gradient program of 90–65 % B for 10 min. The individual sweeteners were quantified by the calibration curve method and the data obtained compared with the data declared on the packaging.Článekpeer-reviewedpublished Otevřený přístup Human Reliability Assessment: Incorporation of organizational and cultural impacts into human performance(University of Pardubice, 2021) Doležal, Radim; Ferjenčík, Miloš; Adam, MartinThe starting point for this article can be summed up in two sentences – “Human reliability can be assessed and predicted” and “The safety culture impact on human reliability can by modelled by performance influencing factors”. In this paper, both points are justified before the authors address the question in the title. They recapitulate the latest developments both in the Human Reliability Assessment (HRA) and in the evaluation of safety culture. A combination of three tools (the IDHEAS method for HRA, 10 traits and 40 attributes for safety culture assessment, and the projection of results of assessment into the HRA with the use of Bayesian network models) was used in order to create a new model incorporating cultural and organizational aspects into the human reliability equation. The application of the model is illustrated by an example using the analyses available from the Tokai–Mura accident.Článekpeer-reviewedpublished Otevřený přístup Impacts of textile industry on the environment(University of Pardubice, 2021) Audrlická Vavrušová, Lenka; Zídková, Petra; Krejčová, Anna; Adam, MartinThe fashion industry, as one of the biggest polluters of the environment, is facing the increasing pressure from the general public to change its trade policy. This article provides an overview on the effects that the production and processing of textile fibers, together with waste from production and as unsold goods, may have on the environment. The environmental problems associated with the acquisition of natural fibers, the production of synthetic fibers, their processing and the final treatment of textiles are described. The need for water and chemicals, as well as the generation of waste at various stages of textile production are discussed. Finally, contributions of the resultant products to the carbon footprint as an important parameter of life cycle assessment are also explained.Článekpeer-reviewedpublished Status neznámý Modeling and prediction of the gradient retention data for ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography of benzodiazepines(University of Pardubice, 2021) Valigurová, Petra; Váňová, Jana; Česla, Petr; Adam, MartinThis paper presents a method for prediction of the gradient retention times of six samples of benzodiazepines – phenazepam, pyrazolam, flubromazepam, meclonazepam, diclazepam, and diazepam. Isocratic and gradient separation of the compounds of interest was achieved on a Luna Omega C18 column followed by RP-LC/MS detection. The results have shown good agreement between the predicted and experimental retention data; however, higher differences were obtained for fast gradients in the ultrahigh performance separation mode.Článekpeer-reviewedpublished Otevřený přístup Modification of boron-doped diamond electrode and its applications(University of Pardubice, 2021) Matvieiev, Oleksandr; Šelešovská, Renáta; Janíková, Lenka; Adam, MartinBoron doped diamond (BDD) is a promising electrode material exhibiting exceptional electrochemical properties. Thanks to this, it is widely used in the field of electroanalytical chemistry. Simultaneously, BDDE is an excellent substrate for various surface modifications that allow the improvement of specific properties of electrodes, such as sensitivity and selectivity in particular. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the possibilities of modification of BDDEs. It summarizes the different types of modifications in the individual chapters devoted to modifications with metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon materials, such as graphene or carbon nanotubes, and last but not least, organic molecules and biomolecules. It also deals with procedures and specific conditions for electrode modification. Finally, an overview of applications of modified BDDEs is also included.Článekpeer-reviewedpublished Otevřený přístup Multi-elemental analysis of wine samples using ICP-OES and ICP-MS methods. Anthropogenic gadolinium in wine(University of Pardubice, 2021) Mišíková, Frederika; Patočka, Jan; Krejčová, Anna; Adam, MartinThe study presented in this article has been focused on developing a method for elemental analysis of wine samples. A wide sample set of 200 wines contained white, rosé and red still wines; the wine vintages being 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2019. Samples were taken from wine festivals in Pardubice and Hradec Králové and private wineries in the Czech Republic. The analysis was performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); the determined elements being As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Gd, Ho, K, La, Lu, Mg, Mn, Na, Nd, Ni, P, Pb, Pr, S, Sm, Sr, Tb, Tm, Y, Yb, and Zn. The data obtained were processed statistically and the Sr/Ba, Sr/Ca and Sr/Mg ratios were determined as potential indicators for the identification and classification of the wine origin. The existence of the so-called gadolinium anomaly for selected wine samples was investigated as evidence of the presence of anthropogenic gadolinium.Článekpeer-reviewedpublished Otevřený přístup Thermomechanical analysis as a useful tool to study photoinduced changes of the viscous flow of glassy materials(University of Pardubice, 2021) Smolík, Jan; Zmrhalová, Zuzana; Knotek, Petr; Černošková, Eva; Plecháček, Tomáš; Adam, MartinA modified thermomechanical analyzer is described as an useful tool to study the photoinduced changes in the viscous flow and thermal properties of glassy materials. The device proposed was tested on model chalcogenide glass As2S3 using the penetration method. Further, the article discusses and summarizes the effect of the light illumination (at wavelength of 650 nm) on the viscous flow at different temperatures below the glass transition temperature (Tg), and on the thermal behaviour interpreted from dilatometric curves via glass transition temperature and softening temperature.Článekpeer-reviewedpublished Otevřený přístup Voltammetry with a carbon paste electroactive electrode used for the quality assessment of vegetable oils(University of Pardubice, 2021) Horská, Anna; Švancara, Ivan; Sýs, Milan; Adam, MartinThis article introduces carbon paste electroactive electrodes in combination with voltammetric measurements as a useful tool for simple, low-cost, efficient, and semi-quantitative assessment of the quality of various vegetable oils. The respective method is based on anodic oxidation of electroactive organic compounds (namely: phenolic compounds and lipophilic vitamins) that naturally occur in the samples of interest and, in this case, being admixed in a small quantity directly into the carbon paste bulk. All the experiments were performed in 0.1 mol L−1 acetate buffer (pH 4.5) in the square-wave voltammetric mode. The results obtained have shown that the proposed procedure can be applied in food control to authenticate - as an electrochemical fingerprinting - the kind and the quality of a vegetable oil, including its freshness.